Chandipura Virus and Its Role in Viral Encephalitis
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for viral encephalitis outbreaks, particularly in India. First identified in 1965 in Chandipura village, Maharashtra, CHPV belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family. It has gained notoriety for causing acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), primarily in children, with high mortality rates. While not as globally known as other encephalitis-causing viruses, CHPV poses a significant public health challenge in affected regions. Epidemiology and Outbreaks CHPV outbreaks have been reported sporadically across India, with the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh being most affected. The virus predominantly impacts children aged between 2 and 16 years. CHPV transmission occurs via sandflies ( Phlebotomus spp. and Sergentomyia spp. ), which thrive in warm and humid environments. Outbreaks often coincide with the monsoon season, as the vector population increases during this period. The mortality rate in CHPV-induced encepha...